翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Research Range ・ Research reactor ・ Research School for Socio-Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment ・ Research Science Institute ・ Research Society of International Law ・ Research Society on Alcoholism ・ Research spin-off ・ Research statement ・ Research station ・ Research stations in Antarctica ・ Research stations in Queen Maud Land ・ Research strategies of election campaign communication research ・ Research Studies in Music Education ・ Research Studios Austria ・ Research to Prevent Blindness ・ Research tool patents ・ Research Triangle ・ Research Triangle High School ・ Research Triangle Park ・ Research Turtles ・ Research Unix ・ Research vessel ・ Research Video ・ Research Works Act ・ Research, Assistance, Intervention, Deterrence ・ Research, Development and Evaluation Commission ・ Research, Victoria ・ Research-based design ・ Research-informed teaching ・ Research-intensive cluster Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Research tool patents ： ウィキペディア英語版 Research tool patents One of the vigorously debated topics related to the protection of biotechnology inventions has been the issue of patents on biotech research tools. Research tools are usually used in very early stages of biotech research, for example, to identify promising biomedical entities, biostructures, etc. Research tool patents typically claim methods or compositions used to discover novel, biologically important compounds and therapeutics. Proponents of patenting argue that the patent system acts as an incentive for biotech/pharma companies to invest in R&D aimed at developing biotech research tools.〔(Adda Gogoris & Pamela Ancona, “Research tool patents: tips for facing a "pay up now or litigate" ultimatum”, Nature Biotechnology 19, 1075-1077 (November 2001) )〕 Proponents rationalize that potential profits lead patentees to encourage research use of their patents. Opponents of patents on biotechnology research tools argue that research-tool patents can impede future research by creating “patent-thickets” thereby creating prohibitive economic barriers to the use of patented research tools. Some scholars go even further by claiming that because university-based researchers typically do not harness the patent system as do private-sector researchers, a research exemption should be crafted to specifically cover the academic sector. Recent U.S. court decisions (Teva cases against Sandoz and Mylan) suggest that if a research tool is used to gather information to submit to the FDA seeking approval, § 271(e)(1) (safe harbor exemption) probably applies. Moreover, if the FDA requires certain information, gathering such information—pre- or post-approval—using a research tool should also be subject to § 271(e)(1). ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Research tool patents」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.